basic works

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в своей основе

Религия: "Ямака"

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[praɪs]

price цена; above (или beyond, without) price бесценный; at a price по дорогой цене acquisition price цена приобретения additional price цена с надбавкой admission price плата за вход admission price цена входного билета advertising price цена рекламы agreed price обусловленная цена agreed price согласованная цена agreed price установленная цена all trade price общий торговый курс all-inclusive price полная цена approximate price примерная цена ask and bid price бирж. цена продавца и цена покупателя ask price бирж. запрашиваемая цена ask price бирж. курс, предлагаемый продавцом ask price бирж. цена продавца price цена; above (или beyond, without) price бесценный; at a price по дорогой цене price цена, жертва; at any price любой ценой, во что бы то ни стало; not at any price ни за что attractive price привлекательная цена auction price аукционная цена average offering price средний курс предложения ценных бумаг average offering price средняя запрашиваемая цена average price средняя цена average producer price средняя цена производителя bargain price покупная цена base price базисная цена basic object price базисная целевая цена basic price базисная цена basic price начальная цена basic price первичная цена basic target price базисная целевая цена basis price основная цена to be a price leader эк. диктовать цены (на рынке, бирже и т. п.) beneficial price выгодная цена beneficial price льготная цена bid price курс, предлагаемый покупателем bid price предложенная цена bid price цена, предлагаемая покупателем bid price цена покупателя bid-and-ask price бирж. разница между курсами продавца и покупателя bond price биржевый курс bond price курс государственных процентных бумаг bond price курс облигаций bond price фондовый курс bulk price стоимость партии bunker price суд. цена бункерного топлива buy-back price выкупная цена buying price курс покупателя buying price цена покупателя buying price цена покупки buying-in price скупочная цена calculated price расчетная цена call price цена облигации при досрочном выкупе catalogue price номинальная цена ceiling price максимальная цена (установленная властями) ceiling price максимальная цена ceiling price наивысший курс ценных бумаг CIF price цена сиф clean price чистая цена clearance price цена реализации close price минимальный разрыв между ценами покупателя и продавца по ценной бумаге closing price курс на момент закрытия биржи commodity price цена товара common price system система единых цен common target price единая плановая цена (ЕЭС) competitive price конкурентоспособная цена compulsory minimum price обязательная минимальная цена computer rental price арендная плата за пользование машиной constant price постоянная цена consumer price розничная цена consumers' price цена для конечных потребителей contact price рекл. цена установления контакта conversion price курс конвертируемой облигации current price существующая цена current price цена на данный момент cut the price низкая цена cut the price снижать цену cut the price сниженная цена cut-rate price низкая цена cut-rate price пониженная цена cut-rate price сниженная цена debenture price цена долгового обязательства delivery price цена доставки delivery price цена с доставкой derived intervention price производная интервенционная цена (ЕЭС) dirty price цена облигации с учетом надбавки discounted price цена со скидкой dumping price бросовая цена dumping price демпинговая цена economic price экономически выгодная цена economical price экономически обоснованная цена energy price стоимость энергии entry price цена ввозимой продукции equilibrium price равновесная цена estimated price рассчитанная цена estimated price сметная цена estimated sales price оценка продажной цены ex works invoice price фактурная цена франко-завод ex works price цена франко-завод excess price чрезмерно высокая цена excessive price чрезмерно высокая цена exercise price бирж. цена исполнения exorbitant price непомерная цена exorbitant price чрезмерно высокая цена export price экспортная цена extortionate price грабительская цена factor price цена производственного фактора factory price заводская цена falling price снижающаяся цена falling share price понижающийся биржевой курс falling share price понижающийся курс акций favourable price благоприятная цена favourable price выгодная цена firm price твердая цена firm price твердый курс firm price устойчивый курс firm underwriting price твердая гарантийная цена first price начальная цена fix a price устанавливать цену fixed price постоянная цена fixed price твердая цена fixed price твердо установленная цена fixed price фиксированная цена fixing price твердая цена floor price минимальная цена floor price самая низкая цена fluctuating price колеблющаяся цена forward price курс по сделкам на срок futures price бирж. цена при сделке на срок giveaway price бросовая цена giveaway price низкая цена gross price цена-брутто guaranteed price гарантированная цена guide price ЕЭС ориентировочная цена guiding price ведущая цена guiding price определяющая цена half price половинная цена import price импортная цена inclusive price цена с учетом всех услуг increase the price повышать цену initial price первоначальная цена instalment price цена при покупке в рассрочку internal price цена на внутреннем рынке intervention price интервенционная цена intervention purchase price покупная цена при интервенции introductory price предварительная цена invoice price фактурная цена invoice price цена по счету issue price цена эмиссии keen price низкая цена knockdown price минимальная цена (на аукционе) knockdown price сбитая цена landed price цена с выгрузкой на берег landed price цена товара, выгруженного на берег latest purchase price последняя покупная цена list price прейскурантная цена list price прокотированная цена listed price прейскурантная цена listed price прокотированная цена loss leader price цена товара, продаваемого в убыток для привлечения покупателей low price низкая цена lowering price снижающаяся цена lowest price самая низкая цена made-up price курс окончательного расчета по сделкам на срок maker's price цена производителя making-up price курс окончательного расчета по сделкам на срок making-up price расчетная цена marginal price крайняя цена marked down price сниженная цена market price курс биржи market price рыночная цена market price рыночный курс ценных бумаг market target price рыночная плановая цена market target price рыночная целевая цена match price согласованная цена maximum buying-in price предельная цена, при которой снимается товар с продажи на аукционе maximum price максимальная цена maximum price наивысший курс ценных бумаг mean price бирж. среднее арифметическое цен покупателя и продавца mean price бирж. средний курс mean price бирж. средняя цена medium price средняя цена middle price средний курс middle price средняя цена minimum import price минимальная цена ввозимых товаров minimum price минимальная цена minimum price минимальный курс minimum price наименьший курс ценных бумаг minimum selling price минимальная продажная цена negotiate a price договариваться о цене net price окончательная цена net price цена нетто net price цена после вычета всех скидок net price цена-нетто net price чистая цена net price чистая цена акции, котируемая брокером клиенту norm price стандартная цена normal price нормальная цена price цена, жертва; at any price любой ценой, во что бы то ни стало; not at any price ни за что object price целевая цена offer price запрашиваемая цена offer price курс, предлагаемый продацом ценных бумаг offer price цена продавца official price официальная цена official price официальный курс ценных бумаг на бирже oil price цена на нефть opening price начальный курс opening price первая котировка после открытия биржи opening price самая высокая и самая низкая цены покупателя и продавца в начале торговой сессии на срочной бирже opening price цена при открытии биржи optimum price оптимальная цена original price начальная цена original price первоначальная цена original price подлинная цена overall price полная цена par price нарицательная цена parity price эквивалентная цена pegged price искусственно поддерживаемая цена preferential price льготная цена price курс ценных бумаг price назначать цену, оценивать price назначать цену price оценивать price расценивать price цена, жертва; at any price любой ценой, во что бы то ни стало; not at any price ни за что price цена; above (или beyond, without) price бесценный; at a price по дорогой цене price цена price ценность price by hammer аукционная цена price for futures бирж. курс фьючерсных операций price in competitive auction цена на конкурсном аукционе price of debt securities стоимость ценной бумаги, представляющей собой долговое обязательство price of issue цена эмиссии price of material цена материала price of security курс ценной бумаги procurement price закупочная цена producer price цена производителя producer price цена фирмы-производителя producer's price цена производителя production price себестоимость продукции production target price плановая цена продукции profitable price цена, обеспечивающая прибыль purchase price курс, предлагаемый покупателем ценных бумаг purchase price покупная цена purchase price цена, предлагаемая покупателем purchase price цена покупателя quote a price назначать цену quoted price зарегистрированный на бирже курс quoted price назначенная цена quoted price объявленная цена quoted price прокотированная цена raise the price повышать цену raise the price поднимать цену raise the price увеличивать цену ransom price цена выкупа raw material price цена на сырье reasonable price умеренная цена receding price снижающаяся цена receding price снижающийся курс recommended price предложенная цена recommended price рекомендованная цена recommended retail price предложенная розничная цена recorded price зарегистрированный курс redemption price выкупная цена, выкупной курс redemption price цена погашения reduce the price делать скидку с цены reduce the price снижать цену reduce the price уменьшать цену reduced price льготная цена reduced price сниженная цена reduced price уменьшенная цена reference price контрольная цена remunerative price выгодная цена replacement price восстановительная цена repurchasing price выкупная цена repurchasing price цена, по которой инвестиционный фонд выкупает свои акции у инвесторов-клиентов reselling price цена перепродаваемого товара reserve price отправная цена reserve price резервированная цена reserve price резервная цена reserve: price price резервированная цена; низшая отправная цена (ниже которой продавец отказывается продать свой товар на аукционе) retail price розничная цена retail: price attr. розничный; retail price розничная цена; retail dealer розничный торговец revalued price повышенная цена rock-bottom price очень низкая цена ruinous price разорительная цена sales price продажная цена sales price реализационная цена scarcity price повышенная цена в период нехватки товара seller's price цена, выгодная для продавца selling price продажная цена selling price реализационная цена set a price назначать цену set a price устанавливать цену settlement price расчетная цена share price курс акции share price цена акции shortage price цена дефицита single intervention price единая интервенционная цена sluice-gate price "шлюзовая" цена (теоретическая импортная цена на некоторые сельскохозяйственные продукты в Европейском экономическом сообществе) special price специальная цена spot price наличная цена товара spot price наличный курс ценной бумаги spot price цена по кассовым сделкам spot price цена при продаже за наличные spot price цена при условии немедленной уплаты наличными spot price цена с немедленной сдачей spot: price price цена при условии немедленной уплаты наличными squeeze the price ограничивать цену standard price нормативная цена standard price стандартная цена stock market price курс ценных бумаг на фондовом рынке stock price биржевой курс stock price курс акций stop price цена, специально оговоренная в приказе брокеру stop-out price самая низкая долларовая цена, по которой казначейские векселя продаются на аукционе street price цена на неофициальной бирже street price цена по внебиржевым сделкам strike price exc. цена исполнения (фиксированная цена, по которой покупатель опциона может использовать свое право купить или продать определенные финансовые документы) striking price цена, по которой удовлетворяются заявки участников аукциона новых ценных бумаг striking price цена исполнения (фиксированная цена, по которой покупатель опциона может использовать свое право купить или продать определенные финансовые документы) subscription price цена подписки suggested price предлагаемая розничная цена suggested price предложенная цена suggested price цена, предлагаемая для розничной продажи suggested retail price предлагаемая розничная цена supply price цена поставки supply price цена предложения support price интервенционная цена target price базовая цена target price курс ценной бумаги, ожидаемый инвестором target price намеченная цена target price плановая цена target price целевая норма прибыли target price целевая цена target price цена, при которой опцион становится выгоден покупателю tender price цена на торгах tender the price предлагать цену tentative price ориентировочная цена tentative price предварительная цена tentative price предположительная цена threshold price пороговая цена ticket price стоимость билета ticket price цена билета today's price сегодняшняя цена top price высшая цена top price высший курс ценных бумаг top: price наивысший, максимальный; top speed самая большая скорость; top price самая высокая цена total price итоговая цена total price общая цена trade price торговая цена trade price фабричная цена, оптовая цена trade price фабричная цена; заводская цена trade price цена товаров, покупаемых розничным торговцем у оптовика transfer price внутрифирменная трансфертная цена transfer price отпускная цена transfer price трансфертная цена underwriting price гарантийная цена uniform price единая цена unit price единичная (штучная) цена, цена единицы unit price цена единицы продукции unit selling price продажная цена единицы товара upset price низшая отправная цена (на аукционе) upset price низшая цена, которую готовы уплатить участники аукциона upset: price price низшая отправная цена (на аукционе) usual price нормальная цена usual price обычная цена weighted average price средневзвешенная цена wholesale price оптовая цена works price цена производства world market price цена на мировом рынке year-end price курс на конец года year-end price цена на конец года zone price зональная цена

   1) All Human Complex Problem Solving Is Creativity

   Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Models of Creative Association

   Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)

   3) Creative Innovation and Social Independence

   There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)

   4) Ego Strength and Emotional Stability among Creative Geniuses

   he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)

   5) Its Mundane Character

   he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)

   6) Mozart's Musical Ideas Came to Him in Polished Form

   From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)

   7) Scientific Theories and Works of Art Alike Originate in Fantasy

   Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)

   8) Self- Esteem and Creative Expression

   The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)

   9) Stages in Creative Problem- Solving

   In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)

    10) The Bisociative Pattern of the Creative Synthesis

   he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)

    11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with Disorder

   Even to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)

    12) The Inner Life of the Creative Process

   New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)

    13) The Problem of What Impels the Creative Person

   [P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....

   Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)

    14) Theories of Creative Thinking

   A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....

   Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)

1) Морской термин: расстояние от носа судна до центра манифольда, bow center manifold

2) Медицина: (birth control methods) методы контроля рождаемости (противозачаточные средства, презервативы и пр.)

3) Военный термин: Baseline Correlation Matrix, Basic Capability Modules, basic combat maneuvering, battery control and monitor

4) Техника: balanced crystal mixer, barrier-contact metallurgy, basic control module, binary-coded matrix

5) Религия: Baptist Christian Ministries, Baptist Collegiate Ministry

6) Автомобильный термин: body control module

7) Грубое выражение: Bastard Condom Monkeys

8) Горное дело: Bank cubic meters (a traditional unit of volume in coal mining. A bank cubic meter represents the contents of a cubic meter of rock in place, before it is drilled and blasted. м3 в целике)

9) Телекоммуникации: Bit Compression Multiplexer, business continuity management

10) Сокращение: Basic Combat Manoeuvring, Booklet/Coil Vending Machine

11) Университет: Baptist Campus Ministry, Baptist College Ministries, Baylor College of Medicine

12) Физиология: Body Cell Mass

13) Вычислительная техника: Basic Control Monitor (OS, Xerox, Xerox 530)

14) Деловая лексика: Boston Controls Managers

15) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: bcm

16) Менеджмент: bid clarification meeting

17) Сахалин Ю: bow to center of manifold (distance measurement criteria)

18) Химическое оружие: Burster cutting machine, matrix composition

19) Расширение файла: Comms script backup (MS Works)

20) Нефть и газ: billion cub. m, миллиардов кубометров, миллиардов «кубов», миллиардов кубических метров, млрд. куб.м

21) США: Bay City, Michigan

22) Имена и фамилии: Black Caped Man

23) Высокочастотная электроника: block-coded modulation

24) NYSE. Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce

25) Программное обеспечение: Berkeley Configuration Manager, Business Communication Module

26) Единицы измерений: Billion Cubic Metre

27) Международная торговля: Best Chinese Manufacturer

1) Морской термин: расстояние от носа судна до центра манифольда, bow center manifold

2) Медицина: (birth control methods) методы контроля рождаемости (противозачаточные средства, презервативы и пр.)

3) Военный термин: Baseline Correlation Matrix, Basic Capability Modules, basic combat maneuvering, battery control and monitor

4) Техника: balanced crystal mixer, barrier-contact metallurgy, basic control module, binary-coded matrix

5) Религия: Baptist Christian Ministries, Baptist Collegiate Ministry

6) Автомобильный термин: body control module

7) Грубое выражение: Bastard Condom Monkeys

8) Горное дело: Bank cubic meters (a traditional unit of volume in coal mining. A bank cubic meter represents the contents of a cubic meter of rock in place, before it is drilled and blasted. м3 в целике)

9) Телекоммуникации: Bit Compression Multiplexer, business continuity management

10) Сокращение: Basic Combat Manoeuvring, Booklet/Coil Vending Machine

11) Университет: Baptist Campus Ministry, Baptist College Ministries, Baylor College of Medicine

12) Физиология: Body Cell Mass

13) Вычислительная техника: Basic Control Monitor (OS, Xerox, Xerox 530)

14) Деловая лексика: Boston Controls Managers

15) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: bcm

16) Менеджмент: bid clarification meeting

17) Сахалин Ю: bow to center of manifold (distance measurement criteria)

18) Химическое оружие: Burster cutting machine, matrix composition

19) Расширение файла: Comms script backup (MS Works)

20) Нефть и газ: billion cub. m, миллиардов кубометров, миллиардов «кубов», миллиардов кубических метров, млрд. куб.м

21) США: Bay City, Michigan

22) Имена и фамилии: Black Caped Man

23) Высокочастотная электроника: block-coded modulation

24) NYSE. Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce

25) Программное обеспечение: Berkeley Configuration Manager, Business Communication Module

26) Единицы измерений: Billion Cubic Metre

27) Международная торговля: Best Chinese Manufacturer

1) Prinzip, das

2) (Phys.) Lehrsatz, der

* * *

1) (a general truth, rule or law: the principle of gravity.) das Gesetz

2) (the theory by which a machine etc works: the principle of the jet engine.) die Grundregel

•

- academic.ru/117990/principles">principles

* * *

1. (basic concept) Prinzip nt

basic [or guiding] \principle Grundprinzip nt, Leitsatz m

on Socialist \principles nach sozialistischen Prinzipien

2. (fundamental) Grundlage f

the elementary \principles of physics die Grundgesetze pl der Physik

to function [or operate] on a \principle nach einem Prinzip funktionieren

\principle of conservation of energy Energieerhaltungssatz m

\principle of least restraint Prinzip nt des kleinsten Zwanges

3. ( approv: moral code) Prinzip nt, Grundsatz m

it's the \principle of the thing es geht [dabei] ums Prinzip

cheating is against my \principles Betrug verstößt gegen meine Prinzipien

to be a man of \principle ein Mann mit Prinzipien [o Grundsätzen] sein

to stick to one's \principles an seinen Prinzipien festhalten

4. CHEM Grundbestandteil m

▶ in \principle im Prinzip

▶ on [or as a matter of] \principle aus Prinzip

* * *

1) Prinzip nt

2) (= moral precept) Prinzip nt, Grundsatz m; (no pl = integrity) Prinzipien pl, Grundsätze pl

3) (= basic element) Element nt

* * *

principle [ˈprınsəpl] s

1. Prinzip n, Grundsatz m:

a man of principle ein Mann mit Prinzipien oder Grundsätzen;

principle of efficiency Leistungsprinzip

2. (Grund-)Prinzip n, (-)Regel f, Leitsatz m:

principle of law Rechtsgrundsatz m;

in principle im Prinzip, prinzipiell;

on principle aus Prinzip, prinzipiell, grundsätzlich;

on the principle that … nach dem Grundsatz, dass …

3. Grundwahrheit f, -begriff m, -lehre f, Prinzip n:

4. wissenschaftlich: Prinzip n, (Natur)Gesetz n, Satz m:

principle of averages Mittelwertsatz;

principle of least action Prinzip der geringsten Wirkung;

principle of relativity Relativitätstheorie f, -lehre f (Einsteins);

principle of sums Summensatz; → causality 1

5. Grund(lage) m(f), Quelle f, Ursprung m, treibende Kraft

6. Grundzug m, Charakteristikum n

7. CHEM Grundbestandteil m

prin. abk

1. principal (principally)

2. principle

* * *

1) Prinzip, das

2) (Phys.) Lehrsatz, der

* * *

Grundsatz m.

Prinzip -ien n.

Ursache -n f.

1) (a general truth, rule or law: the principle of gravity.) principio

2) (the theory by which a machine etc works: the principle of the jet engine.) principio

•

- principles

principle n principio

tr['prɪnsɪpəl]

noun

1 (basic idea, rule, law) principio; (basis) base nombre femenino

2 (moral rule) principio

■ it's a matter of principle es cuestión de principios

\

in principle en principio

on principle por principio

principle ['prɪntsəpəl] n

: principio m

• principio, -a adj.

• principio s.m.

• regla s.f.

1) c (basic fact, law) principio m

2) c u ( rule of conduct) principio m

['prɪnsǝpl]

* * *

1) c (basic fact, law) principio m

2) c u ( rule of conduct) principio m

SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy

[br]

[br]

[br]

After spending some years at his father's Castle Ironworks and at Ebbw Vale Works, Talbot travelled to the USA in 1890 to become Superintendent of the Southern Iron and Steel Company of Chattanooga, Tennessee, where he initiated basic open-hearth steelmaking and a preliminary slag washing to remove silicon. In 1893 he moved to Pennsylvania as Steel Superintendent at the Pencoyd works; there, six years later, he began his "continuous" steelmaking process. Returning to Britain in 1900, Talbot marketed the technique: after ten years it was in successful use in Britain, continental Europe and the USA; it promoted the growth of steel production.

Meanwhile its originator had joined the Cargo Fleet Iron Company Limited on Teesside, where he was made Managing Director in 1907. Twelve years later he assumed, in addition, the same position in the allied South Durham Steel and Iron Company Limited. While remaining Managing Director, he was appointed Deputy Chairman of both companies in 1925, and Chairman in 1940. The companies he controlled survived the depressed 1920s and 1930s and were significant contributors to British steel output, with a capacity of more than half a million tonnes per year.

[br]

1) Военный термин: bomber wing

2) Шутливое выражение: Babbling Mechanical Wench, Bad Men Wave, Barely Moving Wreck, Basic Marin Wheels, Be My Wife, Be My Woman, Beastly Monstrous Wonder, Beat My Wheels, Beautiful Masterpieces on Wheels, Beautiful Mechanical Wonder, Beer Music and Women, Behold My Wealth, Big Man Walking, Big Metallic Wang, Big Money Wasted, Big Money Waster, Big Money Works, Big Money. Why?, Blasphemous Motorized Wreck, Bob Marley and the Whalers, Born Moderately Wealthy, Bought My Wife, Boy Meets World, Break My Wallet, Break My Windows, Break My Windshield, Breaks Most Wrenches, Bring Many Wrenches, Bring Me a Wrecker, Bring Money With, Bring My Wallet, Bringing More Weight, British MINI Works, Broke man walking, Broken Money Waster, Broken Monstrous Wonder, Broken Motor Works, Brutal Money Waster, Bubba Makes Wheels, Bumbling Mechanical Wretch, Bunch of Money Wasted

3) Автомобильный термин: БМВ (Bayerische Motoren Werke), Баварский Моторный Завод (Аббревиатура. Bavarian Motor Workshop.)

4) Грубое выражение: Beautiful Mature Women, Big Man's Willy, Bitch Moan And Whine, Bitching Moaning Whining, Bite My Waffle, Bite My Weenie, Brains Must Wander

5) Сокращение: Bavarian Motor Works, Bombardment Wing, IEEE Bandwidth Management Workshop, beamwidth, Bersten Mal Wieder, Big-up My Willy, Bitch, Moan and Whinge, Bought Mainly by Wankers, Built by Migrant Workers

6) Физиология: Bone Marrow Wanted

7) Транспорт: Built My Way

8) Фирменный знак: Brigham Mead And Wilder

9) Чат: Belongs To My Wife

10) НАСА: Beyond The Milky Way

1) стоимость, цена; себестоимость

2) расход; счёт

3) ком. оценивать

•

- cost of borrow

* * *

стоимость; pl расходы, затраты, издержки

1) Компьютерная техника: Bites Per Second

2) Медицина: biophysical profile score, Behavioural pain score

3) Военный термин: Basic Psychological Operations Study, Battlefield Planning System, Beachman Processing System, Browning Pump Shotgun, Bullets Per Second, balanced pressure system, ballistic protective shelter, base postal section, basic programming support, border patrol sector, border patrol station

4) Техника: Beijing proton synchrotron, beacon portable set, bipolar power supply, boost phase surveillance, breakpoint switch, buffer pool size, buoy power supply

5) Бухгалтерия: balance per bank statement

6) Автомобильный термин: back pressure sensor

7) Биржевой термин: балансовая стоимость на акцию

8) Ветеринария: British Pharmacological Society

9) Грубое выражение: Big Piece Of Shit, Bullshit Per Second

10) Металлургия: breakout prevention system

11) Телекоммуникации: Baud Per Second

12) Сокращение: Broken Pekoe Souchong, Bureau of Product Safety, bearing procurement

13) Школьное выражение: Berkeley Preparatory School, Boston Public Schools

14) Вычислительная техника: Bits Per Second, Bits Per Second (MODEM, BIT)

15) Нефть: baltic pipeline system

16) СМИ: The Bob And Paul Show

17) Деловая лексика: Building Planning System, Business Process Simulation

18) Сетевые технологии: Bad Packet Summary

19) Авиационная медицина: British Psychological Society

20) Расширение файла: Basic Programming System, Batch Processing System, Text document backup (MS Works)

21) Нефть и газ: БТС, Балтийская трубопроводная система

22) Единицы измерений: Bytes Per Second

1) Компьютерная техника: Bites Per Second

2) Медицина: biophysical profile score, Behavioural pain score

3) Военный термин: Basic Psychological Operations Study, Battlefield Planning System, Beachman Processing System, Browning Pump Shotgun, Bullets Per Second, balanced pressure system, ballistic protective shelter, base postal section, basic programming support, border patrol sector, border patrol station

4) Техника: Beijing proton synchrotron, beacon portable set, bipolar power supply, boost phase surveillance, breakpoint switch, buffer pool size, buoy power supply

5) Бухгалтерия: balance per bank statement

6) Автомобильный термин: back pressure sensor

7) Биржевой термин: балансовая стоимость на акцию

8) Ветеринария: British Pharmacological Society

9) Грубое выражение: Big Piece Of Shit, Bullshit Per Second

10) Металлургия: breakout prevention system

11) Телекоммуникации: Baud Per Second

12) Сокращение: Broken Pekoe Souchong, Bureau of Product Safety, bearing procurement

13) Школьное выражение: Berkeley Preparatory School, Boston Public Schools

14) Вычислительная техника: Bits Per Second, Bits Per Second (MODEM, BIT)

15) Нефть: baltic pipeline system

16) СМИ: The Bob And Paul Show

17) Деловая лексика: Building Planning System, Business Process Simulation

18) Сетевые технологии: Bad Packet Summary

19) Авиационная медицина: British Psychological Society

20) Расширение файла: Basic Programming System, Batch Processing System, Text document backup (MS Works)

21) Нефть и газ: БТС, Балтийская трубопроводная система

22) Единицы измерений: Bytes Per Second

1) Arbeiten, das

2) (way something works) Arbeitsweise, die

1) handlungsfähig [Mehrheit]; [Entwurf, Vereinbarung] als Ausgangspunkt

2) (in employment) arbeitend; werktätig

* * *

[ˈwɜ:kɪŋ, AM ˈwɜ:rk-]

I. adj attr, inv

1. (employed) berufstätig, erwerbstätig

the ordinary \working man [or AM Joe] der einfache Arbeiter

the \working population die arbeitende Bevölkerung

2. (pertaining to work) Arbeits-

\working breakfast/lunch Arbeitsfrühstück nt/-essen nt

\working clothes Arbeitskleidung f

\working conditions Arbeitsbedingungen pl

\working hour/hours Arbeitsstunde f/-zeit f

\working model Arbeitsmodell nt

\working practices Arbeitsweise f

\working relationship Arbeitsverhältnis nt

37-hour \working week 37-Stunden-Woche f

3. (functioning) funktionierend attr

\working order Betriebsfähigkeit f, Funktionsfähigkeit f

to be in good \working order sich akk in gutem Zustand befinden, gut in Schuss sein fam

to restore sth to \working order etw wieder in Ordnung bringen

in \working order betriebsfähig, funktionstüchtig

the \working parts of a machine die beweglichen Teile

4. (of theory)

\working definition/hypothesis/theory Arbeitsdefinition f/-hypothese f/-theorie f

5. (basic) Arbeits-

to have a \working knowledge of sth in etw dat Grundkenntnisse haben

6. (of animal)

\working dog/horse Arbeitshund m/-pferd nt

II. n

1. no pl (activity) Arbeiten nt, Arbeit f

2. no pl MIN (extracting minerals) Abbau m, Gewinnung f

opencast \working Abbau m über Tage

3. MIN

▪ \working [or \workings] (mine) Grube f, Mine f; (part of mine) Schacht m

▶ the \workings of fate die Wege des Schicksals

* * *

1. adj

1) (= engaged in work) population arbeitend, berufstätig; (COMM) partner aktiv

2) (= spent in or used for working) Arbeits-

3) (= provisional) Arbeits-; (= sufficient) majority arbeitsfähig

4) farm, mill, sailing ship, steam train in Betrieb

2. n

1) (= work) Arbeiten nt, Arbeit f

2) pl (= way sth works) Arbeitsweise f, Funktionsweise f

3) pl (MIN) Schächte pl, Gänge pl; (of quarry) Grube f

* * *

working

A s

1. Arbeiten n

2. auch pl Wirken n, Tun n, Tätigkeit f

3. TECH Be-, Verarbeitung f

4. TECH

a) Funktionieren n

b) Arbeitsweise f

5. meist pl Bergbau etc:

a) Abbau m

b) Grube f

6. mühsame Arbeit, Kampf m

B adj

1. arbeitend, berufs-, werktätig:

the working population auch die Erwerbsbevölkerung;

working mother berufstätige Mutter;

working student Werkstudent(in)

2. Arbeits…:

working clothes;

working companion Arbeitskamerad(in);

working method Arbeitsverfahren n

3. WIRTSCH, TECH Betriebs…:

working cost;

4. grundlegend, Ausgangs…, Arbeits…:

working hypothesis Arbeitshypothese f;

working title Arbeitstitel m (eines Buchs etc)

5. brauchbar, praktisch:

working knowledge ausreichende Kenntnisse pl

* * *

1) Arbeiten, das

2) (way something works) Arbeitsweise, die

1) handlungsfähig [Mehrheit]; [Entwurf, Vereinbarung] als Ausgangspunkt

2) (in employment) arbeitend; werktätig

* * *

arbeitend adj. n.

Gang ¨-e m.